"...
ACCURACY
The elapsed time is not collected atomically with the execution of the
program; as a result, in bizarre circumstances (if the time command
gets stopped or swapped out in between when the program being timed
exits and when time calculates how long it took to run), it could be
much larger than the actual execution time.
When the running time of a command is very nearly zero, some values
(e.g., the percentage of CPU used) may be reported as either zero
(which is wrong) or a question mark.
Most information shown by time is derived from the wait3(2) system
call. The numbers are only as good as those returned by wait3(2). On
systems that do not have a wait3(2) call that returns status
information, the times(2) system call is used instead. However, it
provides much less information than wait3(2), so on those systems time
reports the majority of the resources as zero.
The `%I' and `%O' values are allegedly only `real' input and output and
do not include those supplied by caching devices. The meaning of
`real' I/O reported by `%I' and `%O' may be muddled for workstations,
especially diskless ones.
..."
Quoting from:
man time
"...
ACCURACY
The elapsed time is not collected atomically with the execution of the
program; as a result, in bizarre circumstances (if the time command
gets stopped or swapped out in between when the program being timed
exits and when time calculates how long it took to run), it could be
much larger than the actual execution time.
When the running time of a command is very nearly zero, some values
(e.g., the percentage of CPU used) may be reported as either zero
(which is wrong) or a question mark.
Most information shown by time is derived from the wait3(2) system
call. The numbers are only as good as those returned by wait3(2). On
systems that do not have a wait3(2) call that returns status
information, the times(2) system call is used instead. However, it
provides much less information than wait3(2), so on those systems time
reports the majority of the resources as zero.
The `%I' and `%O' values are allegedly only `real' input and output and
do not include those supplied by caching devices. The meaning of
`real' I/O reported by `%I' and `%O' may be muddled for workstations,
especially diskless ones.
..."